What term refers to the government's power to take private land for public use?

The term that refers to the government's power to take private land for public use is eminent domain. This legal doctrine allows the government to acquire private property for a purpose deemed beneficial to the public, such as building roads, schools, or other infrastructure projects. Eminent domain is exercised with the understanding that the property owner must be compensated fairly for their loss, ensuring that the rights of individuals are protected even amidst the exercise of governmental authority.

While "condemnation" is related in that it refers to the legal process by which property is taken under eminent domain, the term "eminent domain" specifically captures the broader principle of governmental power over private property for public benefit. "Right of Way" and "Public Easement" pertain to certain types of access or usage rights on land rather than the overall authority to take property for public use.